重要単語・熟語
準1級頻出の名詞・動詞・形容詞・熟語を品詞別に整理。発音ボタンで音声確認もできます。
頻出名詞
不平等、格差
Income inequality has widened significantly over the past decade.
インフラ、社会基盤
The government plans to invest heavily in infrastructure development.
格差、不均衡
There is a growing disparity between urban and rural areas.
官僚制度、お役所仕事
Critics argue that excessive bureaucracy hinders economic growth.
緊縮（財政）、厳しさ
The austerity measures led to widespread public protests.
慈善活動、博愛主義
Corporate philanthropy has become an important part of business strategy.
主権、統治権
The issue of national sovereignty sparked debate among politicians.
勢い、弾み
The reform movement gained momentum after the election.
抑止力、阻止するもの
Harsher penalties may act as a deterrent to crime.
選挙区、支持者層
The senator worked hard to address the concerns of his constituency.
仲裁、調停
Both parties agreed to settle the dispute through arbitration.
急増、拡散
The proliferation of social media has changed how people communicate.
パンデミック、世界的流行病
The pandemic exposed significant weaknesses in global health systems.
死亡率、死すべき運命
Child mortality rates have declined sharply in the past few decades.
免疫、免除
Vaccination helps build immunity against infectious diseases.
栄養失調
Malnutrition remains a serious problem in many low-income countries.
リハビリテーション、社会復帰
The rehabilitation program helped patients recover their motor functions.
病原体
Scientists identified the pathogen responsible for the outbreak within days.
（地域的な）流行病、蔓延
The obesity epidemic is putting enormous pressure on healthcare systems.
予後、（事態の）見通し
Early diagnosis significantly improves the prognosis for most cancers.
プラセボ、偽薬
Participants in the control group received a placebo rather than the actual drug.
健康、ウェルネス（心身の良好な状態）
The company introduced a wellness program to support employees' mental health.
生物多様性
Protecting biodiversity is crucial for maintaining healthy ecosystems.
森林破壊、森林伐採
Deforestation is one of the leading causes of climate change.
緩和、軽減
Climate change mitigation requires global cooperation.
汚染、汚染物質
Soil contamination from industrial waste is a serious problem.
ゲノム、全遺伝情報
Advances in genome editing have revolutionized medicine.
降水（量）、急激な変化
Annual precipitation in the region has decreased due to climate change.
燃焼、激しい怒り
The combustion of fossil fuels releases large amounts of CO2.
触媒、きっかけ
The invention served as a catalyst for industrial revolution.
共生（関係）
The relationship between bees and flowers is a classic example of symbiosis.
隔離、（炭素）貯留
Carbon sequestration is one method of reducing greenhouse gases.
頻出動詞
（苦痛などを）和らげる、軽減する
New policies were introduced to alleviate poverty in rural areas.
悪化させる、さらに困難にする
The drought exacerbated the food shortage in the region.
主張する、支持する
She advocates for stricter environmental regulations.
精査する、詳しく調べる
Auditors scrutinized the company's financial records.
回避する、迂回する
Some companies try to circumvent tax regulations.
永続させる、持続させる
Such policies only perpetuate social inequality.
弱体化させる、じわじわ損なう
Corruption undermines public trust in the government.
明確に示す、輪郭を描く
The report delineates the key challenges facing the industry.
和解させる、折り合いをつける
It is difficult to reconcile economic growth with environmental protection.
削減する、制限する
The government pledged to curtail carbon emissions.
妨げる、阻害する
Bureaucratic red tape impedes business development.
育む、促進する
Education fosters critical thinking skills.
緩和する、軽減する
Planting trees can help mitigate the effects of urban heat islands.
（力・エネルギーを）利用する、活用する
Scientists are developing more efficient ways to harness solar energy.
汚染する、汚す
Industrial runoff has contaminated groundwater in the region.
シミュレートする、模倣する
Researchers used computer models to simulate climate conditions in 2100.
悪化する、劣化する
Air quality in major cities tends to deteriorate during summer months.
革新する、新機軸を打ち出す
Companies must continuously innovate to remain competitive in global markets.
（資源を）枯渇させる、減らす
Overfishing has severely depleted fish stocks in the Pacific Ocean.
診断する、原因を突き止める
AI systems can now diagnose certain cancers more accurately than human doctors.
検証する、正当性を証明する
Further research is needed to validate the team's initial findings.
複製する、再現する
The experiment was replicated in three separate laboratories to confirm the results.
統合する、組み込む
The company plans to integrate AI tools into its manufacturing process.
合成する、統合して考える
The paper synthesizes findings from over two hundred studies on climate adaptation.
頻出形容詞
蔓延している、広く行き渡った
Social media has a pervasive influence on modern society.
論争を起こしやすい、物議を醸す
Nuclear energy remains a contentious issue in many countries.
細心の注意を払う、几帳面な
The scientist kept meticulous records of her experiments.
不可欠な、なくてはならない
Water is indispensable to human life.
あいまいな、二義的な
The contract contained ambiguous language that led to a dispute.
前例のない、空前の
The pandemic caused unprecedented disruption to the global economy.
収益の良い、もうかる
The tech industry offers lucrative career opportunities.
時代遅れの、廃れた
Traditional manufacturing methods have become obsolete.
悪化している、劣化している
The deteriorating infrastructure poses a safety risk.
影響を受けやすい、かかりやすい
Elderly people are more susceptible to infectious diseases.
最重要の、最高位の
Patient safety is of paramount importance in healthcare.
壊れやすい、脆弱な
The fragile economy was vulnerable to external shocks.
深い、重大な、深遠な
The industrial revolution had a profound impact on society and culture.
変動しやすい、不安定な、揮発性の
Oil prices have become increasingly volatile due to geopolitical tensions.
生来の、固有の、本質的な
There are inherent risks in any form of investment.
具体的な、有形の、手に取れる
The policy has produced few tangible results despite years of implementation.
公平な、公正な
An equitable distribution of resources is essential for social stability.
有害な、不利益な
Excessive screen time can be detrimental to children's cognitive development.
回復力のある、しなやかな
Communities that are economically diverse tend to be more resilient to market shocks.
厳格な、厳しい（規制など）
Stringent environmental regulations have forced many factories to upgrade their equipment.
もっともらしい、信頼できる
The report offers a plausible explanation for the sudden drop in productivity.
強制的な、威圧的な
Critics condemned the government's coercive tactics against protesters.
取るに足らない、無視できるほどわずかな
The difference in performance between the two models was negligible.
争いを起こす、論争を招く（※vocabulary重複なし→同義語補強）
The government's immigration policy remains a highly contentious issue.
頻出熟語
〜を受け入れる、〜と折り合いをつける
It took him years to come to terms with the loss.
〜を犠牲にして、〜の代償として
Economic growth should not come at the expense of the environment.
〜の後を受けて、〜の結果として
New regulations were introduced in the wake of the financial crisis.
〜を生じさせる、引き起こす
Automation gives rise to new ethical questions.
〜に役立つ、〜を促進する
A calm environment is conducive to learning.
〜より優先される
Safety should always take precedence over profit.
〜という理由で
The proposal was rejected on the grounds that it lacked sufficient evidence.
〜と共同で、〜と連携して
The project was carried out in conjunction with local authorities.
〜に起因する、〜のせいである
The decline is attributable to poor management decisions.
〜を心に留める、〜を考慮する
Bear in mind that the results may vary depending on conditions.
〜に反する、〜と矛盾する
This decision runs counter to our stated values.
〜の代わりに
Cash was given in lieu of a physical gift.
〜を明らかにする、〜に光を当てる
The new study sheds light on the causes of income inequality.
〜の信頼性を疑う、〜に疑問を投げかける
The new evidence calls into question the reliability of the earlier reports.
〜次第である、〜に依存する
The success of the project is contingent on securing adequate funding.
〜に達しない、〜を下回る
The government's response to the crisis fell short of public expectations.
代償を伴う
Rapid economic growth often comes at a cost to the environment.
〜に悪影響を与える、〜を消耗させる
Long working hours take a toll on employees' physical and mental health.
〜を明るみに出す、〜を暴露する
The investigation brought to light several serious irregularities in the accounting.
〜に由来する、〜から生じる
Many social problems stem from a lack of access to quality education.
〜から免除される
Certain nonprofit organizations are exempt from income tax.
〜を支配する、〜に大きな影響を持つ
Social media now holds sway over how young people perceive global events.
〜にかかりやすい、〜の影響を受けやすい
Children are especially susceptible to the influence of advertising.
〜への道を開く、〜の準備をする
The treaty paved the way for decades of economic cooperation between the two nations.
政治・経済系動詞
法律を制定する、立法する
Congress is expected to legislate new data protection standards this year.
（条約・協定を）批准する、承認する
The Senate finally ratified the international climate agreement after months of debate.
補助金を与える、助成する
The government heavily subsidizes domestic agriculture to ensure food security.
規制を撤廃する、自由化する
Critics argue that deregulating the financial sector contributed to the 2008 crisis.
（資源・予算を）配分する、割り当てる
The city allocated a significant portion of its budget to public transportation improvements.
交渉する、協議して取り決める
Both sides have been negotiating the terms of the trade deal for over a year.
（政策・計画を）実施する、施行する
The government struggled to implement the new healthcare reform effectively.
（判決・決定を）覆す、無効にする
The Supreme Court voted to overturn the lower court's ruling on environmental regulations.
（権力・影響力を）行使する、ふるう
The central bank wields considerable influence over the nation's economic direction.
支持する、承認する、推薦する
Several leading economists have endorsed the proposed stimulus package.
（法律・権利を）侵害する、違反する
The new surveillance law was criticized for infringing on citizens' right to privacy.
主張する、提唱する、擁護する
The organization has long advocated for stricter regulations on greenhouse gas emissions.
（批判・注意を）そらす、回避する
The minister attempted to deflect criticism by pointing to the opposition's past record.
精査する、詳細に調べる
Lawmakers called on regulators to scrutinize the company's financial practices.
危険にさらす、損なう
The leak of classified documents could jeopardize ongoing diplomatic negotiations.
環境・資源系名詞
森林破壊、森林伐採
Deforestation in the Amazon threatens thousands of plant and animal species.
氷河
The rapid melting of glaciers is contributing to a measurable rise in sea levels worldwide.
排出（物）、放出
Reducing carbon emissions is a key goal of the international climate agreement.
干ばつ
Prolonged drought conditions have devastated crops across the region.
不足、希少性
Water scarcity is expected to affect more than half the world's population by 2050.
生態系
Pollution and habitat loss are among the greatest threats to marine ecosystems.
補助金、助成金
Government subsidies for fossil fuels are seen as a major obstacle to the energy transition.
インフラ、基盤施設
Aging infrastructure is a growing concern for many developed economies.
汚染、汚濁
Soil contamination from industrial waste poses serious risks to local communities.
生物多様性
Scientists warn that the loss of biodiversity could destabilize entire food chains.
地熱（の）
Iceland generates most of its electricity from geothermal and hydroelectric sources.
枯渇、消耗、減少
The depletion of natural resources is one of the most pressing challenges of the 21st century.
心理・思考系形容詞（セット2）
論争を引き起こす、論争的な
The use of nuclear energy remains one of the most contentious issues in environmental policy.
捉えにくい、達成しにくい
Despite years of research, a universal cure for cancer remains elusive.
不安定な、危うい
Many young workers find themselves in precarious employment with few benefits or job security.
利益の多い、儲かる
The tech sector continues to offer some of the most lucrative career opportunities.
曖昧な、多義的な
The law's wording was deliberately ambiguous to allow for flexible interpretation.
最も重要な、最高の
Patient safety is of paramount importance in any healthcare system.
時代遅れの、廃れた
Rapid technological change is making many traditional job skills obsolete.
広く行き渡った、蔓延した
The pervasive influence of social media has fundamentally altered how people consume news.
実現可能な、実行可能な
Experts debate whether achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 is truly feasible.
無視できるほどわずかな
The side effects of the new vaccine were found to be negligible in clinical trials.
影響を受けやすい、感染しやすい
Young children are more susceptible to misinformation spread through online platforms.
前例のない、空前の
The pandemic caused unprecedented disruption to global supply chains.
頻出熟語・イディオム（セット3）
〜に取って代わられる、〜に道を譲る
Traditional retail has gradually given way to e-commerce over the past two decades.
〜に疑問を投げかける、〜を疑わしくする
The new findings cast doubt on the effectiveness of the widely prescribed treatment.
〜と矛盾している、〜と対立している
The minister's recent comments appear to be at odds with the government's official stance.
提案する、（議論・理論を）提出する
Several researchers have put forward new theories to explain the unexpected results.
〜の間に区別を設ける
We must draw a clear distinction between correlation and causation in scientific research.
〜を引き起こす、〜を生じさせる
Rapid urbanization has given rise to a range of social and infrastructural challenges.
（人を）責任ある立場に置く
Citizens are demanding that their governments be held accountable for climate inaction.
〜に進出する、〜での足がかりを得る
Electric vehicles are rapidly making inroads into the mainstream automotive market.
〜を受け入れる、〜と折り合いをつける
Many workers are struggling to come to terms with the rapid pace of automation in their fields.
〜しがちである、〜になりやすい
People who lack sleep are more prone to errors in judgment and decision-making.
〜を犠牲にして、〜の代償で
Economic development should not come at the expense of environmental sustainability.
〜を優先させる
The new policy gives precedence to long-term environmental goals over short-term economic gains.
学術・研究系動詞（セット2）
仮定する、前提とする、（理論を）提唱する
Darwin postulated that all species share a common ancestor.
（証拠などを）裏付ける、確証する
The latest findings corroborate earlier research on the link between diet and cognitive decline.
仮説を立てる
Researchers hypothesized that the mutation was responsible for increased disease resistance.
（既知のデータから）推測・推定する
It would be premature to extrapolate nationwide trends from a sample of this size.
数値化する、定量化する
It is difficult to quantify the economic impact of reduced biodiversity.
（基盤・信頼を）徐々に弱める、損なう
Persistent corruption undermines public trust in democratic institutions.
悪化させる、深刻にする
The drought was exacerbated by decades of unsustainable water management practices.
（苦痛・問題を）緩和する、軽減する
International aid organizations work to alleviate poverty in the most vulnerable regions.
永続させる、持続させる
Stereotyping in the media can perpetuate harmful social biases.
（規則・問題を）回避する、迂回する
Some technology companies have found ways to circumvent existing privacy regulations.
最高潮に達する、〜という結果に終わる（in）
Years of research and development culminated in a breakthrough vaccine approved in record time.
急増する、急速に広まる
Misinformation about the vaccine proliferated rapidly across social media platforms.
（相反するものを）調和させる、和解させる
Policymakers must reconcile the need for economic growth with environmental sustainability goals.
準1級頻出副詞・副詞的表現
不均衡なほど、不釣り合いに
Climate change disproportionately affects developing nations that have contributed least to it.
主として、大部分は
Food waste occurs predominantly at the retail and consumer level in wealthy countries.
本質的に、生まれつき
Technology is not inherently good or bad; its impact depends on how it is used.
著しく、顕著に
Living standards in urban areas have improved markedly over the past three decades.
大幅に、かなりの程度
The cost of solar panels has fallen substantially, making renewable energy more accessible.
同時に、一斉に
AI can simultaneously process millions of data points that would take humans years to analyze.
直感に反して
Counterintuitively, stricter environmental regulations have sometimes spurred technological innovation.
うっかりと、意図せずに
Well-intentioned policies can inadvertently harm the very communities they were designed to protect.
表向きは、一見したところ
The program was ostensibly designed to reduce inequality, but critics argued it had the opposite effect.
次第に、段階的に
As AI capabilities expand, the boundaries of what machines can do are progressively widening.
おそらく〜と言える、主張の余地がある意味で
Education is arguably the most powerful tool for reducing long-term poverty.
〜と連携して、〜と並行して
Economic development must proceed in tandem with environmental protection measures.
医療・健康・生命科学系語彙
パンデミック、世界的流行病
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed critical vulnerabilities in global public health systems.
死亡率
Advances in cancer treatment have significantly reduced the mortality rate for several types of the disease.
免疫化、予防接種
Mass immunization campaigns have successfully eradicated diseases that once claimed millions of lives.
慢性的な、長期にわたる
Chronic stress has been linked to a range of serious health conditions, including cardiovascular disease.
病原体
Understanding how pathogens evolve is essential to developing effective treatments and vaccines.
蔓延、普及度、有病率
The prevalence of obesity has tripled in many countries over the past four decades.
予後、（病気の）見通し
Early detection significantly improves the prognosis for most forms of cancer.
治療の、療法的な
Gene editing technologies hold enormous therapeutic potential for treating inherited disorders.
（ある治療を）禁忌とする
Certain blood-thinning medications are contraindicated for patients scheduled for surgery.
疫学
Epidemiology studies the distribution and determinants of health-related events in populations.
プラセボ、偽薬
The new drug showed significantly better results than a placebo in randomized controlled trials.
ゲノム、全遺伝子情報
Sequencing the human genome has opened new frontiers in personalized medicine.
全体論的な、包括的な
A holistic approach to mental health considers social, psychological, and biological factors together.
併存疾患、合併症
Patients with comorbidities such as diabetes are at higher risk of severe complications from influenza.
ビジネス・経済・グローバル化系語彙
緊縮財政、質素さ
Years of austerity measures left public services severely underfunded and struggling to meet demand.
急増、拡散、拡大
The proliferation of e-commerce platforms has fundamentally disrupted traditional retail models.
裁定取引、価格差益取引
High-frequency trading firms profit through arbitrage, exploiting tiny price differences across markets.
規制緩和
Critics argue that financial deregulation in the 1990s contributed to the 2008 global financial crisis.
利害関係者、ステークホルダー
Effective corporate governance requires engaging with all stakeholders, not just shareholders.
アウトソーシング、外部委託
The outsourcing of manufacturing to countries with lower labor costs has transformed global supply chains.
景気後退、不況
The government introduced stimulus measures to prevent the economic slowdown from deepening into a full recession.
保護主義
Rising protectionism threatens to unravel decades of progress toward a more integrated global economy.
影響力、梃子；〜を活用する
Small businesses can leverage social media to reach global audiences at a fraction of traditional advertising costs.
財政の、国庫の
The government faces difficult fiscal choices between reducing debt and investing in infrastructure.
公平性；株式；自己資本
Promoting equity in education requires targeted support for students from disadvantaged backgrounds.
変動性、不安定さ
Commodity price volatility poses serious challenges to developing economies dependent on exports.
義務がある；現職者
It is incumbent upon wealthy nations to take the lead in reducing carbon emissions.
社会問題・福祉・人権系語彙
社会的に疎外された、周縁化された
Effective social policy must prioritize the needs of marginalized communities often overlooked by mainstream institutions.
包括的な、すべてを含む
An inclusive education system ensures that children with disabilities receive the same opportunities as their peers.
体系的な、制度的な、構造的な
Addressing poverty requires confronting the systemic barriers that prevent upward mobility.
〜に力を与える、〜を権限付ける
Microfinance programs aim to empower women in developing countries by providing access to capital.
固定観念；〜を固定観念で捉える
Gender stereotypes in education can discourage girls from pursuing careers in science and technology.
尊厳、威厳
Every individual, regardless of their economic status or background, deserves to be treated with dignity.
〜から（投票権・権利を）剥奪する
Strict voter ID laws can effectively disenfranchise elderly and low-income citizens who lack the required documentation.
福祉国家
The Nordic countries' welfare state model combines high tax rates with universal provision of education and healthcare.
説明責任、アカウンタビリティ
Democratic governance depends on mechanisms that ensure accountability of elected officials to the public.
〜から（土地・財産を）奪う
Colonial policies systematically dispossessed indigenous peoples of their ancestral lands across generations.
回復力、レジリエンス
Building community resilience requires investment in social networks and local support systems, not just physical infrastructure.
交差性（複数のアイデンティティが重なる概念）
The concept of intersectionality highlights how race, gender, and class can compound to create unique forms of disadvantage.